Atropine Sulfate Injection, Solution (Hospira, Inc.). Atropine Sulfate Injection (West-Ward Pharmaceuticals Corp.). American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. Wolters Kluwer Clinical Drug Information, Inc. Elimination half-life: Approx 2-5 hours.Īnon. Metabolism: Incompletely metabolised in the liver via enzymatic hydrolysis to several metabolites such as tropic acid, tropine, and glucuronide conjugates.Įxcretion: Via urine (13-50% as unchanged drug 33% as metabolites). Plasma protein binding: 14-44% mainly to serum albumin. Crosses placenta and enters breast milk in small quantities. Time to peak plasma concentration: Approx 1 hour (oral) approx 2-4 minutes (IV) approx 30 minutes (IM) 3 minutes (IM autoinjector) approx 3-60 minutes (ophthalmic).ĭistribution: Widely distributed throughout the body. Bioavailability: Approx 90% (oral) Approx 19-95% (ophthalmic). Well absorbed from mucous membranes, eyes, and through intact skin. Cycloplegia: >14 days (ophthalmic).Ībsorption: Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Inhibition of salivation: Approx 30 minutes (IM).ĭuration: Inhibition of salivation: ≤4 hours (IM). Increased heart rate: 2-4 minutes (IV) Approx 15-30 minutes (IM). Topical atropine onto the eyes induces mydriasis and cycloplegia by inhibiting circular pupillary sphincter muscle contraction and paralysing the ciliary muscles responsible for accommodation respectively. It promotes bronchodilation by inhibiting secretions in the respiratory tract and relaxing the bronchial smooth muscles. Atropine abolishes bradycardia by diminishing vagal activity thereby increasing heart rate. asthma, gangrene, cardiac conduction defect, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, gastrointestinal and urinary obstruction).ĭescription: Atropine is an anticholinergic agent which competitively blocks the binding of acetylcholine to muscarinic receptors at the parasympathetic sites in the CNS and peripheral tissues such as the heart, intestines, bronchial muscles, iris and secretory glands. Administer IV propranolol as alternative treatment for conditions contraindicated to physostigmine (e.g. Reserve IV physostigmine for patients with extreme delirium or agitation, repetitive seizures, severe sinus tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia and unresponsive hyperthermia. Give activated charcoal for oral overdose. Urine catheterisation may help avoid urinary retention. Control excitement by administering diazepam or short-acting barbiturate. Reduce body temperature using cold packs or mechanical cooling devices. Correct hypoxia, hypotension and metabolic acidosis with IV Na bicarbonate. Administer fluid replacement and standard treatment for shock. Management: Symptomatic and supportive treatment. Severe intoxication may lead to CNS depression, coma, respiratory failure and death. CNS stimulation characterised by restlessness, confusion, excitement, ataxia, incoordination, psychotic reactions, delirium, seizures. Symptoms: Hyperthermia, hypertension, increased respiratory rate, tachycardia, dry mouth, nose or throat dilated pupils, blurred vision, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting. Potentially Fatal: Asystole, MI, atrioventricular arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, AV dissociation, ventricular tachycardia, respiratory depression, coma.
#Atropine antidote for skin#
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Anhidrosis, hot and dry skin, rash, dermatitis. Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: Dyspnoea, reduced bronchial secretion, laryngitis. Renal and urinary disorders: Difficulty in micturition, urinary urgency. Psychiatric disorders: Confusion, hallucination, disorientation, insomnia.
Nervous system disorders: Dysgeusia, restlessness, dizziness, headache. Metabolism and nutrition disorders: Increased thirst, hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia. Investigations: Irregular pulse, increased intraocular pressure, abnormal EEG, ECG changes. General disorders and admin site conditions: Fever, irritability, asthenia, ataxia. Gastrointestinal disorders: Dry mouth, dysphagia, constipation, nausea, vomiting. Rarely, hypertensive crisis and seizures.Ĭardiac disorders: Palpitations, chest pain. Significant: Tachycardia, transient bradycardia, pulmonary oedema, urinary retention, delirium, agitation, amnesia photophobia, blurred vision (ophthalmic).
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